Parentheses indicate alternatives in number or instrument; parentheses plus an equals-sign (=) indicates an instrumental doubling. Within the parentheses, the doubling player may be specified by Roman numerals. Thus: 2(I,II=picc).2(II=corA). 2(II=Ebcl, bcl).2 indicates: two flutes, both doubling piccolo; two oboes with the second one doubling cor Anglais; two clarinets, with the second one doubling both Eb clarinet and bass clarinet; and two bassoons.
The number of required percussion players might change according to individual orchestral forces. A complete list of abbreviations appears below.
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picc =piccolo fl =flute ob =oboe corA =cor Anglais cl =clarinet (in A or Bb) bcl =bass clarinet Ebcl =clarinet in Eb ssax =soprano saxophone asax =alto saxophone tsax =tenor saxophone bsax =baritone saxophone dbn =double bassoon 
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Brass crt =cornet hn =horn tpt =trumpet trb =trombone
Keyboards & |
Percussion (in alphabetic order)
BD =bass drum,
cym =cymbals (pair),
dr =drums,
glsp =glockenspiel,
mcas =maracas,
mar =marimba,
perc =percussion,
sand.blk =sandpaper blocks,
SD =snare drum,
susp.cym =suspended cymbal ,
tamb =tambourine,
tam-t =tam-tam,
timb =timbales,
TT =tom-toms,
TD =tenor drum,
tgl =triangle,
timp =timpani,
tpl.bl =temple block(s),
vib =vibraphone,
wdbl =woodblock(s),
xyl =xylophone.
Unpitched percussion classified as either (1.): Membranophones (including SD,/TD/BD/TT): field dr/conga dr/hand dr/side dr/bongos/ timbales/traps; or as (2.): Idiophones (including cym/susp.cym/tam-t/tgl/tamb/tpl.bl/wdbl, etc.): antique cym/finger cym/cowbell/chimes/cast/claves/mcas/gourds/ ratchet/whip/rasp/sand.blk. All other unpitched instruments (e.g. whistle) given in full.
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Voices S =soprano M =mezzo-soprano A =alto or contralto CT =countertenor T =tenor Bar =baritone BBar =bass baritone B =bass Tr =treble (boy soprano) |
Languages E =English F =French G =German H =Hebrew I =Italian L =Latin S =Spanish Y =Yiddish |
Casting
Voices required for the stage works are divided where possible into major and minor roles. Number and type of soloists as well as choral forces are indicated by abbreviation.
Word Abbreviations
Arr = Arranger/ arrangement/ arranged
Choreo = Choreographer
Cond = Conductor
Dir = Director
FP = First Performance
Mvt = Movement
Orch = Orchestra
Univ = University